What is the function of the aileron on an aircraft?

The ailerons on an aircraft serve to control roll, which is the rotation of the aircraft about its longitudinal axis. When a pilot moves the control yoke or stick to the left or right, the ailerons respond by deflecting in opposite directions. One aileron goes up while the other goes down, creating differential lift on the wings. This causes the aircraft to roll toward the wing with the aileron that is deflected down, enabling the airplane to bank and turn.

Understanding the specific function of controls in an aircraft is crucial for effective flight operation. The other options address different aspects of aircraft control: pitch is managed primarily by the elevator, yaw is controlled by the rudder, and thrust adjustments are made by manipulating the engine power. Therefore, recognizing that ailerons are exclusively responsible for roll helps clarify their critical role in maneuvering the aircraft during flight.